Essay about Hamlet - 1999 Words

Hamlet What is a tragedy? A tragedy can be defined as a form of drama that depicts the suffering of a heroic individual who is often overcome by the very obstacles he is struggling to remove (Tragedy 1). Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is considered a tragedy in literature and the character of Hamlet in the play is considered to be a tragic hero. In addition, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark is considered to be a type of tragedy called revenge tragedy. Basically, this type of play consists of a murder that has to be avenged by a relative of the victim (DiYanni 1394). Ultimately, the play is about a son that is called upon by the ghost of his father to avenge his death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the surface, the play about†¦show more content†¦It becomes even more apparent that Hamlet is contemplating suicide during his soliloquy when he says, â€Å"Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, or to take arms against a sea of troubles and by opposing end them† (1438-1439). When Hamlet speaks these lines the thoughts and positions held by Hamlet at this point in the play become very apparent. At this point in the play, Hamlet is wondering whether it would not be better to end his life than to face the trials and tribulations ahead (Hamlet 19). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hamlet is perplexed between life and death at this point because Hamlet knows that he must seek revenge, yet he is still uncertain of murdering Claudius. Hamlet contemplates suicide because he is miserable over heisting the murder of Claudius. In this scene, the two main themes of the story become apparent. In his heart, Hamlet wants to seek revenge on Claudius, but on the outside, Hamlet wants to make sure that he is not being misled or tricked into thinking that Claudius is his father’s murderer. Hamlet believes his own hesitation comes from a fear of the consequences; yet he is miserable and filled with guilt and shame over his failure to act in killing either Claudius or himself (Hamlet 20). Also, it is apparent that Hamlet is debating over whether to seek revenge or not when he says, â€Å"Thus conscience does make cowards of us all† (1439). When Hamlet speaks this line,Show MoreRelatedHamlet Madness In Hamlet1293 Words   |  6 Pages When reading Shakespeare’s Hamlet as a class, the first thing that most teachers or professors point out is the argument/idea of sanity, specifically Hamlets sanity. I believe that Hamlet is, in fact, feigning his madness. What I do not know is if I believe this because it is what I was taught or if I came up with the idea myself based on my own interpretation. When I was taught Hamlet there was no argument it was just fact that he was faking his madness. Because of my confusion, I came to findRead MoreHamlet1304 Words   |  6 Pagesunderlying themes of revenge, incest, and suicide, William Shakespeare’s Hamlet was remembered by many Elizabethan Era viewers as both a philosophical and oft-debated masterpiece (Dickson). These controversial themes attracted viewers everywhere, enticing them to see the play. One scene in particular from the original text of the play where this proves true is act IV, scene iv, lines 31-65, in which the titular character Hamlet decides tha t the time for revenge is at hand in an insightful soliloquyRead MoreHamlet787 Words   |  4 PagesElements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet Elements of Drama: A Review of Hamlet The way an artist creates a sculpture is similar to the tactics of a drama writer. While artist focus on the color and shape of their creations, writers of drama focus on specific elements. In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses plot, character, setting, staging, and theme to create a well-rounded story. One of the first elements of drama is plot. Considered to be the foundation, plot is theRead MoreHamlet As The Tragic Hero Of The Play Hamlet 1314 Words   |  6 PagesIn order to better understand Hamlet one must first asses, and define man. According to webster dictionary a man is a male often having the qualities associated with bravery,script or toughness(site webster dictionary www.define a man.com here). We know the male figure is known to exhibit distinctive male traits such as strength, dignity, courage and be a provider and supporter. As seen in Hamlet one must understand the male figure to better understand Hamlet and why the male behave in such waysRead MoreHamlet Analysis : Hamlet 1149 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish December 7, 2015 Hamlet Analysis Prince Hamlet is a man who enjoys contemplating difficult philosophical questions. When his father the king of Denmark, was killed by his uncle. when Hamlet returns he sees his ghost after he returns home to find evidence of his father’s death. The Ghost of Hamlet tells Prince Hamlet that his uncle Claudius his uncle was the one who killed his father with poison of the ear. Throughout the rest of the story with him, Hamlet seeks to prove his uncle ClaudiusRead More Character of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesCharacter of Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet is a man of many discoveries. The tragic hero in Shakespeares Hamlet undergoes many changes throughout the play. His mindset is set deep and far away from the physical world that both helps him and hinders him in his plight for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, and his mother. When Hamlet is first introduced in Act I, Scene II, the reader is shown the depths of his sorrow. The King asks Hamlet How is it that the clouds still hangRead MoreHamlet : William Shakespeare s Hamlet1259 Words   |  6 PagesOmar Sancho Professor Christopher Cook English 201-0810 Hamlet Paper 23 May 2016 Hamlet Character Analysis â€Å"There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.†(Act 2, Scene 2, 239-251) Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one of the most famous plays written that conveys a multitude theme. But most predominant is the presence of Hamlet s obsession with philosophy of life, throughout the play Hamlet philosophy reviles his point of view love, loyalty, the importance of family and friendsRead MoreOphelia and Hamlet in The Tragedy of Hamlet Essay1559 Words   |  7 PagesOphelia and Hamlet In 1600, William Shakespeare composed what is considered the greatest tragedy of all time, Hamlet, the tragedy of the Prince of Denmark. His masterpiece forever redefined what tragedy should be. Critics have analyzed it word for word for nearly four hundred years, with each generation appreciating Hamlet in its own way. While Hamlet conforms, without a doubt, to Aristotles definition of a tragedy, one question still lingers. Did Shakespeare intend for the reader or viewerRead More Hamlet Essay599 Words   |  3 PagesThe Revenge of Prince Hamlet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare’s, Hamlet, is a wonderfully written play that has many tangled webs of lies, betrayal, and revenge. The play starts off with the death of Hamlets father, the king. One night Hamlet sees the ghost of his dead father. The ghost speaks to Hamlet and tells him that he was killed by Claudius. Claudius, who is Hamlets uncle, has recently become the new king and as well married Hamlets fathers wife, GertrudeRead More Hamlet Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pages Perhaps the most famous soliloquy in literature, these words reflect the state of desperation in which Hamlet, the Prince of Denmark, finds himself as he contemplates suicide. His father, the King, has died. His mother, the Queen, has remarried within a month of the Kings passing, an act which has disturbed young Hamlet in and of it. To make it worse, she has married the Kings brother, Hamlets uncle, who is now the King of Denmark. As Hamlets despair deepens, he learns through the appearance

Steve Jobs the Man Who Thought Different Book Review Essay

Think Different â€Å"Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life† (253). The man who changed the world of technology said this in front of thousands of Stanford graduates. All of the interesting work and his life was written in a biography called Steve Jobs: The Man Who Thought Different by Karen Blumenthal. Blumenthal included everything about Jobs from birth to death in this book. The title of the book came from Apple advertisements that said â€Å"Think Different.† The main character of the book was obviously Steve Jobs. Jobs was the co-founder of Apple Inc., NeXT, and Pixar and he was able to do all that because he was the man who thought different. Anyone who owns an Apple product or has seen many of the famous movies†¦show more content†¦Without Jobs, Apple was falling apart. In 1996, Apple agrees to buy NeXT for more than $400 million. Apple didn’t buy just NeXT, but they also bought Steve Jobs back. Jobs bec ame the chief executive and Apple’s a multi-billion dollar company thanks to products like the iMac and iPods. Jobs said, â€Å"Getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. Blumenthal says, â€Å" In an almost unbelievable way, the dots had connected again. Jobs had been thrown out of Apple, started a company that struggled, and then sold that company to Apple, his first love, where he was now in charge. Of course, none of it would have happened had he not been fired† (197). In 2003, a rare tumor called the neuroendocrine tumor was found in Steve Jobs’s pancreas. Jobs kept avoiding his doctor and surgeries. But 9 months after the tumor was found, he finally agreed to have surgery. The surgery was successful and gave Jobs another six to seven years to live. Blumenthal said about his situation, â€Å"The prospect of death kept him focused on what was most important to him, prompting him to shift direction when he stopped making the most of each day† (246). Jobs took several medical leaves from Apple and finally, he resigns from Apple on August 24, 2011. This left many people worried if Jobs was going to be okay; he was not. A little under two months later, he passed away and the whole world was distraught by hisShow MoreRelatedSteve Jobs Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pagesthe ones who see things differently -- theyre not fond of rules... You can quote them, disagree with them, glorify or vilify them, but the only thing you cant do is ignore the m because they change things... they push the human race forward, and while some may see them as the crazy ones, we see genius, because the ones who are crazy enough to think that they can change the world, are the ones who do (Moncur 1).† This statement by Steve Jobs is what I believe drove him to his success. Jobs had a veryRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson And Transcendentalism1649 Words   |  7 PagesRalph Waldo Emerson is a transcendentalist in my eyes because of his consistent promotion of free thought, personal insight, and individuality. Transcendentalism is the combination of the beliefs of nonconformity, self-reliance, free thought, confidence, and importance of nature. When I looked further into its meaning I came to realize it encompasses the growth and renewal of the individual, revolt against conformity, and basically promotes all sorts of reformation. Transcendentalism is really justRead MoreCritical Analysis of Leadership of Steve Jobs3952 Words   |  16 Pages critical analysis of the leadership style of Steve Jobs Author’s Last Name, First name, year of submission, title, degree, institution’s name, and location of the institution Introduction The aim of this work is analytical consideration of leadership style of Mr. Steve Jobs, co-founder and later the Chairman and CEO of Apples Computers Incorporated, a most successful businessman today. The challenge of the times The times are upon us when brilliant management and leadership are confounded. InRead MoreSteve Jobs Commencement Speech Review1015 Words   |  5 PagesJavier Hernando Ortega Cuellar Universidad Nacional De Colombia Philology and Languages: English Written Communication IV August 20 – 2010 Steve Jobs Commencement Speech’s Review. â€Å"Im honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest Ive ever gotten to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. Thats it. No big deal. Just three storiesRead MoreCourtroom 3021858 Words   |  8 PagesThe book Courtroom 302, written by Steve Bogira in 2005, is about the criminal courts in Chicago, IL. Steve Bogira graduated from Northwestern University, and is an excellent reporter for the Chicago Review. Courtroom 302 is story told mainly from through Steve Bogira’s observations. Bogira observes a courtroom (Courtroom 302), and basically the entire justice system process from beginning to end. The courtroom that Bogira observes is in the control of Judge Daniel Locallo. Judge Locallo helpsRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.4405 Words   |  18 PagesJune 9, 2015 Abstract This research paper is about Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is a 39-year-old American information technology company selling consumer electronics like phones, Computers, tablets etc. It is a company of innovation by Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniak ,which has completely changed the world. It is currently the world’s second largest IT Company after Samsung and is first in the United States according to the value, which is over $700 billion. As per its past and current recordsRead MoreComparing Media Images Of Criminological Research Essay1712 Words   |  7 Pagesthese heroes were part god which explained their extra-ordinary abilities. Super crime fighters have always existed, but when comic books began in the 19th century a new set of rules was created to guide their content to be more appropriate than the Greek tales (Coville). â€Å"The Comics Code† was a list of regulations regarding the depiction of certain events in comic books maintained by the Comics Magazine Association of America (Nyberg). The code was very strict and eventually challenged by Stan LeeRead MoreMens Rea The Writing Style and Feminism of Lakambini Sitoy7010 Words   |  29 Pages 1 Statement of the Problem 2 Significance of the Study 2 Theoretical Background of the Study 2 Scope and Limitations of the Study 6 Definition of Terms 6 2 Review of Related Readings Review of Related Literature 8 Review of Related Studies 12 3 Literary Research Methodology Method of Literary Research Used 14 Sources of Data 14 Verbal Data-Gathering Process 14 Phase I – Analysis of the Main CharactersRead MoreApples Beethoven2157 Words   |  9 Pageswhen founder Steve Jobs realized he was going down the wrong path of trying to develop video editing software for the Macintosh and did a very quick turnaround to look at the MP3 era. Innovation and creativity had been missing from Apple for 20 years when the introduction of the iPod brought the company back (Baltzan Phillips, 2009, p. 3). â€Å"†¦iPod, a brilliant merger of technology, business, and entertainment, catapulted Apple back into the mainstream†. The ability of founder Steve Jobs to realizeRead MoreDevelopment of Verb Inflections in Children2357 Words   |  9 PagesDual-mechanism model The dual-mechanism model (Pinker Prince, 1992) posits two different structures for processing regular vs. irregular grammatical forms. Regular forms are created by a symbolic rule and from the base form, whereas irregular forms are stored in the lexicon. The question remains: how does the brain of the child distinguish regular from irregular verbs. Other criticisms include the insufficiency of two very different qualitative levels, and specific claims on defaults that occur in the model

The government of Australia economic policies is failing Australians Free Essays

This has increased caused an increase in debt due to loss of employments. This has fur reaching effects in accounts of most institutions which those who are laid off have financial transactions with. Most of those who are laid off are servicing loans or paying for goods or services which they got on credit now they can’t afford to pay. We will write a custom essay sample on The government of Australia economic policies is failing Australians or any similar topic only for you Order Now The loans will accrue interest for the months they will not be serviced and most of them would be difficult to be repaid hence financial institutions will report high rate of loan default. Those who will manage to pay might pay it over a long period so they shall pay it with more interest. Companies which have sold goods of on services will have to involve debt collectors who they have to pay commission which would be more than they had budgeted. Companies which are lying of staff are being involved in calculations of benefits and other payments dues. They will also need to recalculate expenses to be incurred based on the staffs that are left such as office expenses. The Australia government will loss on income tax and companies dealing with pension funds will pay more this financial year which would affect their books of accounts. If the government will not put on measures to lower the unemployment rate it shall affect accounting records of different economic sectors. The effects will be realized in this financial year and subsequent years depending on how different sectors shall be able to adapt. References The Editor, 2009, Govt policies costing jobs, Available at http://www.wabusinessnews.com.au/en-story/1/71103/Govt-policies-costing-jobs-Turnbull How to cite The government of Australia economic policies is failing Australians, Papers

Events of Code Talker by Joseph Bruchac free essay sample

During World War II, the military needed an unbreakable code to keep information from the enemy, which is how the Navajo Marines contributed. They helped develop the top secret code that was used to transmit messages by radio. The men that carried the radios and spoke the language had to endure the same harsh battles as every other marine. My book, Code Talker, by Joseph Bruchac, covered the Navajo Marines in World War II, which had a profound impact on the life of the main character in the book because he was a code talker that fought within the Pacific Theatre.Throughout the novel, there were many historical events that affected my main character. Those main events included the attack on Pearl Harbor, the invasions in the Pacific Theatre, and the bombing of Japan. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese launched a surprise attack on the U. S. fleet in Pearl Harbor, which caused the United States to get involved in the war. We will write a custom essay sample on Events of Code Talker by Joseph Bruchac or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Once involved, the military, including the Navajo Marines, invaded many islands in the Pacific Theatre. Two of those invasions included American victories on the islands of Guam and Guadalcanal.The last main events were the bombings of Japan. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and one on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Those two attacks caused Japan to surrender and led to the end of World War II. The main historical events impacted my main character in various ways. The attack on Pearl Harbor triggered the recruiting process for Navajos fluent in both Navajo and English. As soon as Ned Begay, my main character, learned about the recruiting, he wanted to enlist.When the invasions began, Begay had to get a quick understanding of the war. On each island, he dealt with a new situation. He quickly learned his own tactics that helped him to stay alive. With every battle, Ned saw something that would remain in his head and the whole time he was gone, he missed his sacred homeland. The atomic bombings are what caused the relief that spread over him when he was finally able to return. Not only did the historical events affect the characters, they also impacted the setting and the plot.Once Ned Begay had enlisted in the army, he had to travel a lot and visit many different places. For example, he was sent to Fort Defiance for training before being shipped to the Pacific. The marines had to spend a lot of time at different bases on at least eight different islands. With the setting taking place over such a large area, it changed naturally. Lastly, the plot seemed to develop with every setting change. One example of this is losing a character in battle. There were always new goals and conflicts with every invasion.The attack on Pearl Harbor, the invasions in the Pacific Theatre, and the bombing of Japan are all historical events that helped shape the novel. These specific events impacted the main character by causing him to enlist, to learn how to survive as a code talker, and to stay strong until he could return to his homeland. The events also caused the setting to change and the plot to develop. Code Talker, written by Joseph Bruchac, was about a Navajo boy as he fought as a code talker in World War II.

How to Start and Grow an Effective Email Newsletter

Email newsletters are a great way to establish brand credibility and build long-term customer relationships. More than 80 percent of marketers use newsletters to promote their content. However, attracting subscribers and growing an email list requires planning and a clear strategy. Here, we’ll look at how to get an email newsletter up and running, and describe various ways to attract more subscribers. More than 80% of marketers use newsletters to promote their content Click To Tweet How to Start an Email Newsletter 1. Figure Out Your Newsletter’s Goal How does your newsletter fit into your larger content strategy? Whether you’re trying to increase brand awareness or generate sales leads, the content you choose should reflect your marketing goals. 2. Design Your Template The design should make it easy for recipients to scan and click elements of the email. This means it should be mobile-friendly, too. According to one study, 70 percent of consumers delete emails immediately that don’t render well on a mobile device. 3. Gather Great Content To reduce email unsubscribe rates, make sure your content is high quality. As long as it’s entertaining, useful, and thought-provoking enough, people will look forward to it. Just make sure it’s well-edited. If there are any mistakes, it reflects badly on your business. 4. Use Email Marketing Tools Email marketing services such as Constant Contact, Drip, AWeber, MailChimp, and GetResponse make it easy to manage email campaigns. Don’t miss out on their marketing power. 5. Welcome and Thank New Subscribers To build trust, send out automatic welcome emails to new subscribers. Let them know their subscription was successful and introduce them to your brand. 6. Pick a Consistent Day and Time to Email Try split testing different send times to see which ones increase engagement. When you know, be upfront about your email frequency; users will feel more comfortable opening subsequent emails. 7. Segment Your Email Lists by Buyer Persona People are more likely to read emails that cater to their specific needs, so create multiple subscription personas based on when people chose to subscribe. According to HubSpot, targeting emails by persona increases email click-through rates by 16 percent. Targeting emails by persona increases email click-through rates by 16 percent. Click To Tweet How to Grow Your Email List According to one study, email marketing databases degrade by about 22.5 percent every year. But with the right strategies, you can avoid this. Here are seven ways to help your list grow over time: 1. Clearly Display Email Newsletter Opt-ins Make it easier for visitors to find your email sign-up form. Here are some of the most common locations: At the end of blog posts. In exit-intent pop-up forms. On your checkout page, if you’re in ecommerce. In a blog’s comment box, to allow people to leave comments. On your website’s homepage, in the header, sidebar, or footer. In notification bars that â€Å"stick† to the top or bottom of a website. In your email signatures, inserted as a link to a subscription page. Test different placements and see what works for you. And remember to make your forms simple – people don’t like filling out long, complicated forms. 2. Encourage Sharing To encourage email sharing, add social media share buttons or email forwarding options to each message. At the bottom of emails, include a â€Å"Subscribe† CTA link so that anyone receiving a forwarded email can easily opt-in. 3. Create a Gated Content Offer Gated content is content that can only be accessed after a user provides information through a form. Examples of gated content include ebooks, whitepapers, and case studies. Giving people a good reason to subscribe is one of the easiest ways to grow your list. For more ideas, visit our Guide to Gating Content. 4. Use Content Upgrades A content upgrade is an offer of bonus content that relates to the topic of an existing article. Develop an existing piece of content into an in-depth guide and offer it to users in return for their email address. 5. Promote Your Newsletter on Social Media Some social media sites make it easy to add a newsletter signup option to your account page. Facebook is a good example. Otherwise, add a newsletter sign-up link to your about section. 6. Collect Email Addresses Offline Use trade shows to collect signups in-person. If you have a physical store, ask customers at the register if they’d like to sign up to your newsletter for exclusive news and offers. 7. Insert Videos According to one study, around half of marketers who used video in email campaigns saw increased click-through rates, increased time spent reading the email, and increased sharing and forwarding. Because many email clients don’t support video play within email, you could display a screenshot of the video with a link to where the video is hosted. 8. Dedicated Landing Page When it comes to high conversion rates, it is hard to beat a dedicated landing page. A landing page will usually have one goal, so your visitors have fewer options available to them. You can include a call-to-action at the end of your article, in a notification bar and in the blog sidebar. A dedicated landing page can disrupt the blog experience, so you could include a link back to the blog for those uninterested in your email offer. A benefit of a landing page over opt-in boxes is the potential to include more selling points, making the visitor motivated and eager to join your list. There are many professional writers specifically dedicated to creating the very best landing page for your website. 4 Tips for Making Your Email Marketing Smarter 1. Experiment With Your Email Timing When it comes to email marketing, there’s truth to the adage â€Å"Timing is everything.† Studies have shown that certain days of the week and times of the day result in better open and click-through rates. For example, Tuesday was found to be the best day for sending a marketing email, with Thursday coming in a close second. The best time of day for sending your email is 10 AM, followed by the evening window of 8 PM to midnight. Of course, these time frames won’t be ideal for every business and every audience. If they were, inboxes would be deluged with email every Tuesday morning at 10:00. Your best bet is to test out some of the popular timing strategies and compare your open and click-through rates to find your audience’s sweet spot. 2. Explore the Advanced Features of Your Marketing Automation Platform Are you getting the most bang for your buck from your marketing automation system? Chances are, there are some helpful advanced features that you’re not using. Many systems allow you to perform A/B testing, preview your marketing emails across different devices and platforms and do sophisticated reporting and analysis. Understanding and utilizing these features will help you understand what your audience likes to see and will ultimately make your emails more successful. 3. Use Customer Data to Design Better Emails Your own customer data can play a big role in boosting the performance of your emails. One of the easiest and most effective ways to utilize this data is through personalization. Amazon is a great example of a major player that relies on a personalized approach to emails. You never get an email from Amazon that says â€Å"Dear customer† – their messages always address you by name. Delivering personalized emails increases click rates by 41% and is supported by most marketing automation platforms. You may want to segment based on geographic location or by industry or, if you market your product or service to other businesses, it can be helpful to segment by company size. You might even segment your list based on where they are in the sales cycle. Leads who are ready to buy could receive a trial offer, while those are earlier in the sales cycle may appreciate an informative article. 4. Make Sure Your Emails are Mobile-Friendly A whopping 54% of emails are opened on mobile devices. When someone opens up an email on their phone or tablet and finds that the message isn’t optimized for their device, they are much more likely to ignore it, or worse, delete it or unsubscribe from your list. 54% of emails are opened on mobile devices. Click To Tweet A few key changes can ensure that your emails are optimized for mobile users: Use responsive design: Most of the major email service providers offer this functionality, which optimizes the user experience across different devices and screen sizes. Create short headlines: Subject lines are critical – keep yours short and simple so subscribers can understand exactly what the email is about. Make your call-to-action easy to click: Text links might work well for tablet users, but they might be tricky for users with small smartphone screens. Be sure your CTAs are big and easily clickable. Examples of Awesome Email Newsletter Templates Death to Stock Photo Death to Stock Photo is a not your typical stock photography website. Here is one of their monthly emails where they share the latest pack of not-stock images along with a few bonuses. J Crew Directional cues can help guide viewers to your call to action. This email newsletter from J Crew shows how you can combine high-quality images with directional suggestions for impressive results. Convince Convert When it comes to email marketing, it always helps to stick out from the crowd. Convince Convert’s newsletter is a wonderful reminder that email marketing is still about providing value. They skip all the email marketing gimmicks and put the entire blog post directly in the email (complete with â€Å"Click to Tweet† links and all.) Taking It Further As well as being a tool for lead generation and customer retention, an email newsletter is a great way to learn how your target audience reacts to your brand over time. Use these strategies to grow your newsletter and keep tracking the results. Test different sign-up forms, using different button colors, fonts, and language. In time, you’ll find out what works best for your business.

the dissolution of the manasteries essays

the dissolution of the manasteries essays The Dissolution of the Monasteries and the events which followed, were all brought about as a direct result of the break with Rome. The reason for the break, lies simply in Henrys frustration at his inability to secure a divorce form his wife Catherine of Aragon, and a blessing from the Pope for his new marriage to Anne Boleyn, although arguably, there was a need for reformation within the church. Prior to the break with Rome, the church was rife with pluralism, simony (one of the popes main failings) and breaches of the vows of celibacy. It is therefore clear that there were problems with the English church prior to the break, but although it was unpopular, many people including Henry remained Catholic: A firm Catholic, he was keen to have papal approval, and the more unlikely this became, the more he was forced to question the Popes jurisdiction in England [2] To accomplish a break, Henry needed some kind of justification, and he would also have to ensure that in implementing the break itself, he was not seen as supporting heresy and the Protestant reformation in particular. With the aid of advisor Thomas Cromwell, Henry aims to enact the break with Rome using statute authority; that of the king, lords and commons acting through parliament. A sequence of truly revolutionary acts of parliament now cut the bonds spiritual, legal, financial which linked the English church and state to Rome [3] There were several main landmarks in the break with Rome, the first of which was the act in restraint of appeals. This was a justification and definition of royal supremacy, and was grafted by Thomas Cromwell. It was the act of supremacy in 1534 however, that would prove to be Henrys greatest step forward in the break. It confirmed Henrys headship of the church and explicitly reserved the crown the rights to the organizing and jurisdictional powers formerly held by the Papa...

Celebrities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Celebrities - Essay Example As a result, there are pros and cons when a company decides to contract a celebrity to be the face of its product or service. Celebrity endorsers are individuals who are known to the public for achievements in areas other than that of the product-category endorsed. The individual enjoys public acknowledgement and who uses this acknowledgement on behalf of a product or service by appearing with it in an advertisement. As well as promoting established brands, celebrity endorsers are used to promulgate new brand images, reposition brands or introduce new ones (Pride, 2013). The use of celebrities has become a common practice for companies competing in today’s cluttered media environment, with one in five marketing campaigns now featuring celebrities. The use of celebrities as endorsers tends to create, attempts to create positive effects in the minds of consumers, operating alongside consumers’ owned culturally formed meanings. Companies invest large sums of money to align their brands and themselves with endorsers. The rising popularity of this phenomenon is due to increasing consumer consciousness and new product proliferation, and encouraging marketers to use attention-creating media stars to assist in product marketing. Initially, the use of celebrity endorsers seemed to be an all-gain/no-risk situation, but as with any dynamic marketing communication strategy, there are potential hazards (Dietrich & Livingston, 2012). Hence, before a company embarks on the process of hiring celebrity endorsers to market its product and services, it ought to critically analyze the pros and cons of using this kind of marketing strategy. Nike is one of the companies that have enlisted the services of celebrity to market its new elite speed mercurial vapor playing boots currently worn by Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi. Pros of celebrity endorsers Celebrity endorsers can create positive buzz and attract both new customers and investors. The exposure companies can get by associating by their products with a celebrity is such a lucrative opportunity such that businesses often give away products in the hope of attracting celebrity interest. Furthermore, celebrity endorsers help to increase mainstream exposure. Most companies are aware the Western culture is infatuated with celebrities. Hence, for a company that has just gained a foothold of the market, the use of a celebrity figure will enable the company to drive a lot of eyeballs towards its product or service. The use of celebrity endorsers will help to increase the credibility of the product. Even though there are celebrities that have developed a love to hate relationship with members of the public, their appearance in various products can help to generate the appearance of credibility for both developing and established companies. A lot of consumers prefer to use that product or service that has a celebrity on it since it signifies that the product has something worth checking out. The u se of celebrity endorsers tends to generate compelling content, which has often, proved to be an elusive aspect for content-driven businesses. As a result, the use of celebrities will enable the company to produce the type of content that can hardly be bought regardless of the amount of money that the company intends to use in marketing the product or servic

How have low cost airlines affected the development of the aviation Research Paper

How have low cost airlines affected the development of the aviation industry - Research Paper Example The seemingly bright future of these carriers poses interesting questions in regards to what effect they have and will have on the whole aviation industry. America’s Southwest Airlines and Europe’s Ryanair both offer the best examples of low cost carriers that have transformed the airline industry in the regions they operate. This paper will analyse the effects that the low cost airlines have on the development of the aviation industry. The Southwest Effect Short Background In the American aviation industry Southwest is the fastest growing airline having been established back in 1971 with just 3 aircrafts. Today is has about 540 aircrafts (all of which are Boeing 737s) which form the most modern flee in the world. This airline has an unbeaten profit record in the American industry of 17 consecutive years when considering all the quarters of every financial year till 2008 first quarterly report (Southwest 2011). Southwest also boasts of a customer base of more than 85 mi llion per year which is more than that of Delta, American and United airlines. It is notably in the high-end competition due to its low fares, quality of customer service and on-time arrivals. Its major and direct competitors are JetBlue, Air Trans and others like Delta. Due to its low cost model of operations the airline spends 50 to 70 percent less than the major carriers in the same market (Stevenson 2008). This hugely explains the low fares, high quality of service, huge fleet of modern aircrafts and long profitability streak. In essence the Southwest Effect is described using three principles. These principles translate to the major impacts that low cost airlines have on the industry. The first is that with the presence of Southwest Airlines in a market, passenger numbers will increase. This is dictated by the fact that the airline brings in competition especially in ticket prices thereby attracting more customers. The second is that competing airports to those that Southwest o perates in witness a decrease in passenger traffic (Nigel, David & George 2003). The third is that Southwest brings in more competition in a market or route which forces competing airlines to lower their fares in order to remain competitive in their segment. On many occasions when an airline starts serving a new route it begins by offering low fares to attract customers. After some time these airlines adjust their fares upwards to level up with competitors’. However, this is not the case with Southwest Airlines which starts by offering low fares and maintains them as such (Doring 2009). This is a major pricing behaviour depicted by Southwest in comparison with its airlines. When Southwest enters a new route it not only results in lower fares from competitors but also increased Passenger per Day Each Way (PDEW). The following graph shows how fares generally decreased as passenger traffic increased between some of the most active years in the American airline industry; Fares an d passenger traffic (Robinson, 2009) The graph below shows the percentage of change in the market that Southwest operates which shows that almost all reduced their fares for both leisure and business travels. Percentage of change in the market that Southwest operates (Robinson, 2009) Deregulation The airline industry in the United States received a complete turnaround soon after the low cost airlines started emerging.

Hazardous Noise Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hazardous Noise Case Study - Essay Example The exposure period for the employees is 8 hours per day. The frequency of exposure and duration of exposure to the hazard is high. The TWA for noise for the employees was found to be between 88 Db(A) to 97 Db(A) which are above the recommended levels an indication of the severity of its consequences. 1. Elimination- This includes looking for ways of eliminating the hazard in order to reduce any risk occurrence. Elimination reduces risks exposures to acceptable levels. The original risk highly critical and frequent. 2. Warnings- This will involve the use of alerting and warning techniques and hazard warning labels. These control measures are lower order controls that reduce risk exposures to acceptable levels (Manuele, 2011). The original risk highly catastrophic and frequent. 3. Administrative controls- This will include the application of safeguards and installation of ventilation systems. Other administrative controls include training of the employees as well as safe working procedures. The original risk highly catastrophic and probable. 4. Personal protective equipment- It involves the incorporation of safety devices for use by the employees. This reduces risk exposures to the employees. The original risk highly catastrophic and probable. 5. Engineering controls- Engineering controls will include the use of safeguarding technology to safeguard the employees from any hazard (Manuele, 2011). The original risk highly catastrophic and occasional. 6. Substitution of less hazardous processes, materials, equipment or operation- Substituting hazardous processes or methods with less hazardous one is a control measure. This leads to a substitution of a risky and hazardous process with a less risky and hazardous one. Substitution leads to the attainment of a tolerable level of risk. The original risk highly catastrophic and frequent. The shop seems to be at a high risk exposure and

The Usefulness Of Titration And Colorimetric Analysis

The Usefulness Of Titration And Colorimetric Analysis As a child I was reasoned into taking vitamin supplements as they would make me grow tall and strong. Micronutrients like vitamin C are an empirical base to the formula for maintaining a healthy and balanced body, vitamin C for example has proven to be fundamentally responsible for the regeneration of our teeth, bones, teeth and skin. Moreover its unique regenerative properties have made it a key component of several pharmaceutical products that treat disease that were once thought incurable, namely scurvy. Its biological significance adequately highlights the importance given to its estimation, but one must not forget its chemical relevance. Vitamin C has proven its chemical significance both as an antioxidant and a stabiliser for to the vitamin B complex, two applications where the amount of ascorbate is of the upmost importance. As part of a tenth grade science fair project I went about determining the concentration of vitamin C in freshly squeezed orange juice. The means of volum etric analysis I used to determine the concentration of vitamin C was simple acid-base titration. I titrated vitamin C against a known quantity of analyte sodium hydroxide. The results I was left with did not successfully reflect the literature values; in fact I was far off. For years practising chemists have attempted to develop an analytical procedure that is simple to operate, rapid, accurate, sensitive and selective and consequently a large number of procedures have sprouted with diverging capabilities  [1]  . My decision to carry out the following investigation has arisen from the errors present whilst using acid-base titration, as a means of volumetric analysis for vitamin C, and a wish to analyse the varying procedures that have arisen in recent years for vitamin C estimation. I have conducted the following investigation with the following research question in mind: How far do colorimetric readings agree with the results acquired through red-ox titration, a means of volumetric analysis, for the amount, in mg, of ascorbic acid in 100g of 3 different cultivars of Brassica oleracea obtained from a local supermarket? Background Information: Vitamin C Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is a water soluble vitamin that occurs naturally in citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, berries, tomatoes and several other plant sources. It has several beneficial properties that play an imperative role in our bodys internal chemistry and therefore consistent intake of this organic molecule is of the upmost importance. Vitamin Cs primary role involves helping in the production of collagen a key component in connective tissues such the ligaments, tendons, skin, bones, cartilage, and blood vessels. Along with its biological significance, Vitamin Cs unique structure has also made it chemically vital. Note: one could generalise and say that ascorbic acid and vitamin C are synonyms for each other; Vitamin C is in fact an L- enantiomer of ascorbic acid. An enantiomer is a compound whose molecular structure is not super imposable on its mirror image. The L signifies one of two forms of optical isomers, the second being D-form. Such specifications are irrelevant to this extended essay as the physical and chemical properties of two enantiomers of a chiral compound such as ascorbic acid are identical as long as they do not react with other optically active substances. Therefore for the purpose of simplifying this essay I have used the terms Vitamin C and ascorbic acid interchangeably. Vitamin C has an appearance ranging from a whitey to light yellowy powder. A typical molecule of this sugar-acid is composed of 6 carbon, 6 oxygen and 8 hydrogen atoms; this arrangement can be seen below: File:L-Ascorbic acid.svg Figure Ascorbic acid structure  [2]   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/L-ascorbic-acid-3D-balls.png Figure Ascorbic acid 3-D structure  [3]   Strictly speaking vitamin C is the enolic  [4]  form of 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone. Most enols are unstable and therefore are quickly de-protonated to form an enolate ion, shown in the centre of figure 1: http://wpcontent.answers.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ascorbic_acidity3.png/500px-Ascorbic_acidity3.png Figure Transfer of electron pairs in ascorbic acid  [5]   Figure Distribution of Electrons in enolate ion  [6]   In the case of vitamin C it can further lose a proton as shown on figure 1 to the adjacent double bond, in turn stabilising the enolate ion. The transfer of electrons between the hydroxyl and carbonyl groups and the existence of two resonance structures for the negative enolate ion are also characteristic of a vinylogous carboxylic acid.  [7]  It is important to note that vitamin C is a reducing agent (electron donor) and has a standard electrode potential of 0.08V. It is also water soluble because of the numerous hydroxyl groups that are found in its structure and can therefore form hydrogen bond with water molecules. Redox reactions For this investigation the effectiveness of colorimetry and titration will be explored by means of redox reactions in acidic media. This family of reactions is fundamentally concerned with the transferral of electrons between the species in a chemical system. Like acid-base reactions this family of reactions is antagonistic in nature, they occur in opposing pairs i.e. every reduction is accompanied by an oxidation reaction and vice versa. A Redox reaction is often characterised by the loss and subsequent gain in oxygen between two species in a system for example: Copper (II) oxide + Hydrogen = Copper + water CuO (s) + H2 (g) = Cu + H2O (g) In this case since copper oxide is losing oxygen, it is being reduced and subsequently one could say hydrogen is being oxidised into water due to the gain of oxygen. Similarly we could suggest that Hydrogen is the reducing agent as it takes oxygen away and copper oxide is the oxidizing agent since it gives away oxygen. Similarly a gain in hydrogen characterises a reduced species and a loss in hydrogen characterises an oxidised species. Yet not all redox reactions will involve oxygen, the reaction between sodium and chloride is redox in nature yet there are no molecules of oxygen involved. This gives a second set of definitions for redox reactions: If a species loses one or more electrons during a reaction it has been oxidised(oxidation), and if it gains electrons it has been reduced(reduction) A species removing electrons is an oxidising agent( species itself is reduced), and if a species donates electrons it is a reducing agent( species itself is oxidised) Note: In several chemical reactions the aforementioned transferral of electrons may never actually happen and because of this reason a more accurate description of oxidation is, an increase in the oxidation number of a species and therefore a reduction is defined as a decrease in the oxidation number of a species.  [8]   Redox reactions can be broken down into half equations to demonstrate the transferral: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Redox_Halves.png Figure Half equations  [9]   Experiment 1 Though colorimetry is being tested here, the principle reaction here is a redox reaction taking place between ascorbic acid and acidified Potassium permanganate. In its oxidised state Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a purple crystallised structure. Considering it is a very strong oxidising agent, acidified KMnO4 (aq) was used as the oxidising titrant in this red-ox titration. In an acidic environment  [10]  it readily oxidises ascorbic acid consequently being reduced to Manganese (II) ions from its Manganate (VII) oxidised state. Half equation: Through our experimentation it was found that generally speaking the red-ox reaction harbours a decrease in the intensity of the purple inclining me to believe that eventually the solution would become colourless as all Manganate ions would be transformed into Manganese ions. This colour change was detected as an increase in transmittance, for successive concentrations of ascorbic acid by a colorimeter set to 565nm  [11]  . This positive correlation is evident on the trend lines presented on graphs 2 and 3. Yet one must account for the so to say false drops in transmittance. The drop can be explained by the formation of MnO2 particles which give the solution a dark brownish colour: Eventually the MnO2 particles precipitate under the influence of the sulphuric acid, allowing for the trend to continue. This phenomenon is further explained in the appendix. One should also note the fact that MnO4 has a standard electrode potential of 1.51V and considering that vitamin C has a lower one there is sure to be an effective redox reaction. Sulphuric acid Sulphuric plays a more significant role than simply providing the acidic conditions for the relevant redox reactions. Ascorbic acid itself is a weak acid and therefore would undergo a neutralisation reaction if it were in a basic environment (a pH higher than 7). It would thereafter be oxidised and the resulting product dehydroascorbic acid, would undergo a hydrolysis reaction due to the alkalinity of the solution. The ester bonds in Vitamin C would consequently break thus the degradation of vitamin C:  [12]   vitamin C decomposition Figure Degradation of Vitamin C  [13]   Furthermore sulphuric acid helps delay the spontaneous oxidation of ascorbic acid brought about by atmospheric conditions by providing a protective layer. Colorimetry A colorimeter measures the colour intensity of a sample in terms of the red, blue, and green components of light reflected from the solution. The instrument operates on the basis of Beer-Lamberts law  [14]  which states that the absorption of light transmitted through a species is directly proportional to the concentration of that species. Effectively we are measuring what fraction of a beam of light passing through a sample reaches a detector on the other side of the sample. The coloured analyte (species being studied) may absorb photons in the beam of light thus reducing the number of photons in the beam of light leaving the solution. The number of photons detected gives a value of the % transmittance which is the independent variable in this part of the investigation. A calibrated chart for known concentrations of ascorbic acid vs. %Transmittance was made to help identify unknown concentrations of ascorbic acid in different assays with respect to measured %transmittances. Iodometry The redox reaction between iodine and ascorbic acid can be used to calculate the amount of ascorbic acid in the cultivars of Brassica oleracea. The pre-prepared solution was made on the basis of this reaction: KIO3 (aq) + 6 H+ (aq) + 5 I- (aq) â‚ ¬Ã‚  3 I2 (aq) + 3 H2O (l) + K+ (aq) As we can see iodine solution can be acquired through this reaction. The iodine is quickly reduced into its iodide ion in the presence of ascorbic acid. The ascorbic in turn is oxidised into dehydroascorbic acid: Figure oxidation of ascorbic acid  [15]   Once the ascorbic acid has all been oxidised, iodine will remain in excess. As the iodine molecules build up they will react with the iodine ions to form a blue-black complex with the starch, marking the end-point of the titration. These are the relevant redox half equations: I2 + Reduction half reaction for Iodine at a slightly acidic pH Oxidation half reaction for vitamin-C (C6H8O6) at a slightly acidic pH Final redox reaction : C6H8O6(aq) + I2(aq) C6H6O6(aq) + 2 I- (aq) + 2 H+(aq) (ascorbic acid) (dehydroascorbic acid) Preparing potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution: Precisely fill a 1 litre Erlenmeyer flask with 600cm3 (600ml) of distilled water Measure out 4g of crushed potassium permanganate crystals, which are to be added into the Erlenmeyer flask containing the distilled water Swirl the solution until all the KMnO4 has dissolved and an intense purple solution has been formed. Preparing standardised solutions of ascorbate: Pipette 5ml of 1M sulphuric acid into each of the test-tubes Carefully Pour 100 ml of distilled water in each of the test-tubes and seal them with a bung Place all the test-tubes in some form of refrigerated unit to delay the ascorbic acid from being oxidised Calculating calibration chart: Set up your data logging equipment and set your colorimeter so that a a green LED light of wavelength 565nm is transmitted across cuvettes Pipette 3ml of distilled water into a fresh cuvette and calibrate the colorimeter to the transmittance through distilled water is a 100% Pour 30 ml of the pre-prepared potassium permanganate solution into a 200 ml beaker containing 50 ml of distilled water Pipette 3ml of the 30ml KMnO4 (aq) into two fresh cuvettes Place these cuvettes one after another into the colorimeter Measure the transmittances for 12 seconds and record them as trial 1 and 2 for the transmittance for when no ascorbic acid is present Thoroughly clean and dry the 200ml beaker and thereafter carefully pour into it, 30ml of the pre-prepared potassium permanganate solution Remove test-tube 1 (containing 0.009 grams of ascorbic acid) and pour the contents into the 200ml beaker containing KMnO4 (aq) After allowing the acidified red-ox reaction to continue for 5 minutes pipette 3ml of the product twice into two different cuvettes Place the cuvettes one after the other into the colorimeter, set to wavelength 565nm, and record the respective transmittances for test tube 1 as trial 1 and 2 Repeat steps 14-17 for each test-tube thus retaining transmittance values for all the different quantities of ascorbic acid Plot a suitable calibration chart for the average of the two trials of each sample Extracting Vitamin C from cultivars of Brassica oleracea: Collect the necessary apparatus and clean it Set a hot plate to 50 degrees centigrade and place a beaker with 100 ml water and a thermometer on it Measure out 100g of Cabbage and place them in a beaker Once the water has reached 50 degrees remove the beaker of water from the hot plate and switch it with the beaker of leaves Leaves the leaves on the hot plate for 5 minutes to slow down the action of ascorbic acid oxidase Cut the sample of cabbage as much as possible to facilitate the grinding Note: Try to perform neat cuts so as to not release too much ascorbic acid oxidase which would obscure the results Add 5ml (as with the standardised solutions) of sulphuric acid to the leaves, add some sand to help make the grinding of the leaves easier Grind the mixture using a mortar and pester until an homogenate state is achieved ( you may add 10 ml of water to help achieve the homogenate state faster but this could obscure your results considering vitamin C is water soluble and it must be added before adding the acid) The homogenate mixture produced can now be filtered through the Mira cloth into a 200ml measuring beaker as shown in Appendix To attain maximum yield you may squeeze the Mira cloth to squeeze out any remaining fluid into the measuring cylinder, yet ensure that you have precisely 50 ml of the filtered liquid present in the measuring cylinder Note: ensure that 50 ml is present in each of the measuring cylinders regardless of the source Precisely dilute the filtrate to a 100 ml, seal the beaker and refrigerate it Steps 20- 30 will have to repeated for each cultivar so that you will end up with 3 beakers, each with an equal volume of the respective vegetable filtrate solution Analysing cultivars for Vitamin C: Repeat steps 8 and 9 Pour 30ml of the aqueous potassium permanganate into a 200ml beaker Remove the cabbage filtrate from the fridge and pour it into the 200ml beaker containing KMnO4(aq) Allow the reaction to proceed for 5 minutes Pipette 3ml of this mixture twice, into two different cuvettes Place the cuvettes one after another into the colorimeter that had been calibrated Record the transmittance for both cultivar solution for 12 seconds and record the results as trial 1 and 2 Repeat steps 33-38 for each cultivar Carrying out the Red-ox titration Titrate pre-prepared iodine solution against samples of ascorbic acid extracted from each vegetable: Make new samples of cultivar filtrate as outlined by steps 20 31 Add the 100 ml of the cabbage filtrate solution with the unknown concentration of ascorbic acid, to a 150 ml Erlenmeyer flask Carefully Titrate  [16]  the pre-prepared iodine solution  [17]  to this analyte drop by drop until the end point, a bluish-black colour that persists after 30 seconds of swirling, is reached Repeat this experiment at least thrice; to obtain three different measurement that should agree with each other within 0.1 ml average the three results obtained Steps 40 to 44 have to be repeated for every cultivar filtrate Record all your results Table 18 Averages for all trials and final average No of moles of AA present in 100ml of aqueous potassium permanganate Average % transmittance recorded by colorimeter in trial 1 (+/- 0.01%) Average % transmittance recorded by colorimeter in trial 2 (+/- 0.01%) Average % transmittance of trials 1 and 2 -used for calibration chart (+/- 0.01%) Cultivar of Brassica oleracea Average % transmittance recorded by colorimeter in trial 1 Average % transmittance recorded by colorimeter in trial 2 Average % transmittance of trials 1 and 2 used for calibration chart Estimation for Mg of ascorbic acid in 100g of Broccoli: Number of moles = 0.00048 moles Concentration of ascorbic acid = 0.0048 mol dm-3 (L-1) Number of moles = Concentration Volume Number of moles = 0.0048 0.1 = 0.00048 moles Thus both graphs show same data, I shall use transmittance vs. Moles graph from now on as this way it is quicker to calculate the mass of ascorbic acid per 100g of the relevant cultivar of Brassica oleracea. Number of moles = 0.00048 moles Mass = Number of moles Mass of one moles (Mr) Mass = 0.00048 176.12 =0.08454 g/100ml =0.08454 g/100g =84.54mg of AA in 100g of broccoli (+/- 1.04%) Estimation for Mg of ascorbic acid in 100g of Cauliflower: Number of moles = 0.00023 moles Mass = Number of moles Mass of one moles (Mr) Mass = 0.00023 176.12 = 0.04051 g/100ml = 0.04051 g/100g = 40.51mg of AA in 100g of cauliflower (+/- 2.17%) Estimation for Mg of ascorbic acid in 100g of Cabbage: Number of moles = 0.00014 moles Mass = Number of moles Mass of one moles (Mr) Mass = 0.00014 176.12 = 0.02466 g/100ml = 0.02466 g/100g (+/- 3.57%) = 24.66mg of AA in 100g of cabbage Amount of iodine solution titrated into Broccoli cultivar before end-point is reached (+/- 0.05ml) Amount of iodine solution titrated into Cauliflower cultivar before end-point is reached (+/- 0.05ml) Amount of iodine solution titrated into Cabbage cultivar before end-point is reached (+/- 0.05ml) Trial 1 49.00 28.00 21.00 Trial 2 51.00 25.00 16.00 Trial 3 50.00 28.00 20.00 Averages 50.00 27.00 19.00 Facts to bear: Molar ratio of iodine to ascorbic acid is 1:1; ascorbic acid + I2 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ 2 Ià ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ + dehydroascorbic acid Concentration of iodine solution is 0.01 mol L-1 Mr of Ascorbic acid for the purpose of this experiment is rounded to 176.12 g mol-1 It is assumed that 100 ml = 100g End point is where blue colour persists for more than 30 seconds Broccoli: On average 50 ml of iodine was used until end point reached No of moles = Volume concentration No. Of moles of iodine used = 0.050 0.010 = 5.0 10-4moles of iodine solution used Since ratio is iodine to ascorbic acid is 1:1 number of moles of ascorbic acid present in solution is equal to iodine used in titration. Number of moles of ascorbic acid present in 100 ml solution of broccoli juice = 5 10-4moles Mass = Number of moles Mr Mass of ascorbic acid present in 100 ml of broccoli juice solution = 5 10-4moles 176.12 = 0.08806g/ 100ml = 88.06 mg of AA in 100g of broccoli(+/- 0.10%) Cauliflower: On average 27 ml of iodine was used until end point reached No of moles = Volume concentration No. Of moles of iodine used = 0.027 0.010 = 2.7 10-4moles of iodine solution used Mass = Number of moles Mr Mass of ascorbic acid present in 100 ml of cauliflower juice solution = 2.7 10-4moles 176.12 = 0.04755g/ 100ml = 47.55 mg of AA in 100g of cauliflower (+/-0.19%) Cabbage: On average 19 ml of iodine was used until end point reached No of moles = Volume concentration No. Of moles of iodine used = 0.019 0.010 = 1.9 10-4moles of iodine solution used Mass = Number of moles Mr Mass of ascorbic acid present in 100 ml of cabbage juice solution = 1.9 10-4moles 176.12 = 0.03346g/100ml = 33.46 mg of AA in 100g of cabbage (+/-0.26%) Concluding Investigation The point of this investigation was to explore the following research question: How far do colorimetric readings agree with the results acquired through red-ox titration, a means of volumetric analysis, for the amount, in mg, of ascorbic acid in 100g of 3 different cultivars of Brassica oleracea obtained from a local supermarket? Before assessing the proximity of the two sets of results obtained, I have provided a set of literature values to help determine not only the accuracy of each individual experiment but also to eventually determine which of the two procedure delivered more promising results. Value of ascorbate in 100g of raw cabbage: 36.60 mg (20% refuse)  [18]   Value of ascorbate in 100g of raw broccoli: 89.20 mg (39% refuse)  [19]   Value of ascorbate in 100g of raw cauliflower: 48.20 mg (61% refuse)  [20]   Surprisingly the experimental values for both experiments werent too far from the literature values provided above. Through colorimetry means it was found that 24.66 mg of ascorbic acid was to be found in the 100 gram assay of cabbage. As for the results obtained through iodometry it was found that the 100 g sample of cabbage consisted of 33.46mg. From the data collected it is evident that the iodometric means of analysis was more effective in determining ascorbate amount in cabbage as it returned a value that was 91.42% of the literature value whereas the colorimetry means returned a value that was 67.38% of the literature value. More significantly the error percentage concerning the cabbage was relatively lower for the iodometric titration than the error percentage for the Colorimetry based values, +/-0.26% and +/-3.57% respectively. The two aforementioned trends; difference between literature and experimental values and error percentage was similarly evident for both the other cul tivars. Iodometry returned a value of 47.55mg/100g of cauliflower assay with an error percentage of +/- 0.19% and by means of colorimetry a lower value of 40.51mg/100g was obtained with a higher error percentage of +/- 2.17%. Finally the broccoli assay too returned values that fit the aforementioned trend. The experimental values derived through colorimetry suggested a typical 100g assay of broccoli contains 84.54 mg of ascorbate with an error percentage of +/-1.04%. The Iodometric experiment returned a value in close proximity to the literature value; the results suggested that a typical 100g assay of broccoli may contain 88.06mg of ascorbic acid with a minimal error percentage of 0.10%. Through the data provided above one could superficially suggest that the redox titration involving iodine and ascorbic acid has much better served the purpose of determining ascorbic acid quantities in the cultivars of Brassica oleracea than using colorimetry to track the redox reaction between KMnO4 and ascorbic acid. Though this seems to be the case it is important to highlight the factors that could have affected the reliability of both experiments. The following variables were controlled: Source of cultivars Amount of cultivar in each assay Equal amounts of sulphuric acid used in all assays All assays were equally heated The results of two separate redox reaction was being measured in both experiments The means of extracting vitamin C out of the cultivars Yet it was not possible to control all the variables. One should primarily note how vitamin C is not equally displaced throughout a species of vegetable or fruit or any other source. Therefore the conjecture stated above about reliability of both the investigations holds true only if the following is assumed; vitamin C is equally present throughout all the cultivars of Brassica oleracea used. Practically speaking this was not the case as the iodometry experiment was carried out before the colorimetry thus leaving the cultivars more exposed to atmospheric oxidation thus in general there would be less ascorbic acid in the samples of cultivar mixed with KMnO4 than in the samples upon which iodine was titrated on. Furthermore the quantities of refuse with our experiments were inconsistent unlike that of the generalised literature values, though not calculated it was evident that our primitive school based techniques led to much more refuse than the stated amounts of the literature values . This applies foremostly to the cabbage, from which it was the hardest to retain an assay from and thus had a refuse of much higher than 20%. Inconsistent refuses wouldve have meant that the ascorbic acid extracted is not representative of the full 100g assay. One should also take account of the fact that atmospheric oxidation is inconsistent and irregular, because the experiments lasted over days. This could explain the lower values obtained for the longer lasting colorimetry investigation. The length of this investigation means that the sample solutions of vitamin C used to create the calibrated graph were sure to have lost vitamin C, despite being placed in a fridge; this questions the reliability of our calibrated graph and furthermore explains why the first investigation returned lower values of ascorbic acid in the 100g assays. Another problem with the colorimetry experiment was the fact that we used KMnO4 solution, which is generally contaminated with MnO2. The MnO2 as sugge sted earlier on in the investigation leads to false drops therefore leading once again to a questionable calibrated graph which has a general inward inclination thereof giving lower experimental values for ascorbate concentrations. The MnO2 induced drops basically lead to varying readings from the colorimeter which made it difficult to produce an accurate calibrated chart. Furthermore KMnO4 has the tendency to react with contaminants found in water due to its oxidative properties, thereby further discrediting the calibration curve made. Another major uncertainty was my use of iodine for the redox titration, not only did I not control the oxidising agent but iodine is evidently not specific enough to estimate amount of ascorbic acid in vegetable cultivars. This is because there are other reducing agents such as uric acid in broccoli, which interfere with the titer values. Since ascorbic acid is not the only one responsible for reducing iodine to iodide ions the assumed end point is q uestionable. This further suggests the higher values for vitamin C amount found through iodometry and explains why the results are so accurate relative to the literature values. There are several other uncertainties that one could consider such as the errors with the equipment, the loss of vitamin C whilst extracting it from the various cultivars and so forth yet they do not make a difference as both experiments are exposed to these uncertainties and thus in effect they cancel out and can be ignored. We have assessed the flaws in each of the means of analysis and taking all aspects into consideration i find the permanganate and vitamin C redox reaction tracked by a colorimeter a better method. Fitstly because we are not relying on anindicator, permanganate is an indicator itself, and the concentration does not deteriorate if well stopped in amber bottles whereas concentrations of iodine dramatically deteriorate overtime. Furthermore it seems the flaws with this investigation are more technical in nature and can be m

Causes of World War Two Essay -- WWII WW2 World War 2

World War two has to be the most famous war of all time. It was the largest, most tragic, horrifying of them all, and the first to have millions of people killed in the duration of it. Is it just me, or does it seem rather ironic that the very thing that was meant to solve the first World War is the most important of all of the causes of the second? And that the people who were supposed to fix the problems that that war caused were only really helping another along? The "war to end all wars" did not do that at all. Things like expansion and appeasement and the rise of dictators were obviously all for the war as well. So. Let me start with appeasement. Why was it such a large part of this war? There were so many people wanting so much that others had, and those that had it were forced to roll over and let it be taken. Because they were frightened. They were so scared of getting blown up that they would have handed over just about anything if it kept them alive. And mainly what people wanted was? more land of course! That was the expansionism part. They were the two things tha...

Coca Cola Advertising

Strengths 1. The best global brand in the world in terms of value. According to Interbrand, The Coca Cola Company is the most valued ($77,839 billion) brand in the world. 2. World’s largest market share in beverage. Coca Cola holds the largest beverage market share in the world (about 40%). 3. Strong marketing and advertising. Coca Cola’ advertising expenses accounted for more than $3 billion in 2012 and increased firm’s sales and brand recognition. 4.Most extensive beverage distribution channel. Coca Cola serves more than 200 countries and more than 1. 7 billion servings a day. 5. Customer loyalty. The firm enjoys having one of the most loyal consumer groups. 6. Bargaining power over suppliers. The Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage producer in the world and exerts significant power over its suppliers to receive the lowest price available from them. 7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Coca Cola is increasingly focusing on CSR programs, such as recycl ing/packaging, energy conservation/climate change, active healthy living, water stewardship and many others, which boosts company’ social image and result in competitive advantage over competitors. Weaknesses 1. Significant focus on carbonated drinks. The Coca Cola Company is still focusing on selling Coke, Fanta, Sprite and other carbonated drinks. This strategy works in short term as consumption of carbonated drinks will grow in emerging economies but it will prove weak as the world is fighting obesity and is moving towards consuming healthier food and drinks. . Undiversified product portfolio. Unlike most company’s competitors, Coca Cola is still focusing only on selling beverage, which puts the firm at disadvantage. The overall consumption of soft drinks is stagnating and Coca Cola Company will find it hard to penetrate to other markets (selling food or snacks) when it will have to sustain current level of growth. 3. High debt level due to acquisitions. Nearly $8 b illion of debt acquired from CCE’s acquisition significantly increased Coca Cola's debt level, interest rates and borrowing costs. . Negative publicity. The firm is often criticized for high water consumption in water scarce regions and using harmful ingredients to produce its drinks. 5. Brand failures or many brands with insignificant amount of revenues. Coca Cola currently sells more than 500 brands but only few of the brands result in more than $1 billion sales. Plus, the firm’s success of introducing new drinks is weak. Many of its introduction result in failures, for example, C2 drink. Coca Cola Advertising Strengths 1. The best global brand in the world in terms of value. According to Interbrand, The Coca Cola Company is the most valued ($77,839 billion) brand in the world. 2. World’s largest market share in beverage. Coca Cola holds the largest beverage market share in the world (about 40%). 3. Strong marketing and advertising. Coca Cola’ advertising expenses accounted for more than $3 billion in 2012 and increased firm’s sales and brand recognition. 4.Most extensive beverage distribution channel. Coca Cola serves more than 200 countries and more than 1. 7 billion servings a day. 5. Customer loyalty. The firm enjoys having one of the most loyal consumer groups. 6. Bargaining power over suppliers. The Coca Cola Company is the largest beverage producer in the world and exerts significant power over its suppliers to receive the lowest price available from them. 7. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR).Coca Cola is increasingly focusing on CSR programs, such as recycl ing/packaging, energy conservation/climate change, active healthy living, water stewardship and many others, which boosts company’ social image and result in competitive advantage over competitors. Weaknesses 1. Significant focus on carbonated drinks. The Coca Cola Company is still focusing on selling Coke, Fanta, Sprite and other carbonated drinks. This strategy works in short term as consumption of carbonated drinks will grow in emerging economies but it will prove weak as the world is fighting obesity and is moving towards consuming healthier food and drinks. . Undiversified product portfolio. Unlike most company’s competitors, Coca Cola is still focusing only on selling beverage, which puts the firm at disadvantage. The overall consumption of soft drinks is stagnating and Coca Cola Company will find it hard to penetrate to other markets (selling food or snacks) when it will have to sustain current level of growth. 3. High debt level due to acquisitions. Nearly $8 b illion of debt acquired from CCE’s acquisition significantly increased Coca Cola's debt level, interest rates and borrowing costs. . Negative publicity. The firm is often criticized for high water consumption in water scarce regions and using harmful ingredients to produce its drinks. 5. Brand failures or many brands with insignificant amount of revenues. Coca Cola currently sells more than 500 brands but only few of the brands result in more than $1 billion sales. Plus, the firm’s success of introducing new drinks is weak. Many of its introduction result in failures, for example, C2 drink.

Essay Role of Odp Essay Example

Essay Role of Odp Essay Example Essay Role of Odp Paper Essay Role of Odp Paper The role of a qualified operating department practitioner is to provide high standards of peri-operative care to patients whilst also giving skilled support to surgeons, anaesthetists and/or theatre nurses. ODP’s need a broad knowledge and skill base that includes excellent communication skills, management skills and teamwork skills, as they are involved with the assessment, delivery and evaluation of peri-operative care. There are three phases to peri-operative care; the anaesthetic phase, the surgical phase and the recovery phase. Within each phase there is a different role for the ODP to undertake. In the anaesthetic phase ODP’s assist in the care of the patient prior to surgery ensuring the safety and comfort of the patient at all times. They also prepare the anaesthetic equipment and room and assist the anaesthetist throughout. In the surgical phase ODP’s work as part of the operative team in a few roles that include the â€Å"scrubbed† role, infection control, wound management and the application of the aseptic technique. In the process of the surgical phase ODP’s work in the â€Å"scrubbed† role preparing all the equipment and necessary instruments needed for the procedure, working with the surgeon to assist in the procedure providing all the correct instruments and materials. They must also ensure health and safety throughout the surgical procedure and to ensure that all instruments, equipment and swabsare are accountable. ODP’s prepare the theatre and the equipment whilst also acting as a link between the surgical team and other parts of the hospital. In the recovery phase ODP’s are involved in all aspects of patient care in the recovery unit, including monitoring, supporting them and providing treatment until the patient has recovered. ODP’s then assess the patient to evaluate whether they can return to the ward. They then must evaluate the care given during all the three stages of peri-operative care. (NHS careers, 2012). ODP’s tend to have a flexible, adaptable approach to the role and have a caring nature with good communication and teamwork skills as they tend to work with a variety of people like porters, ward nurses, healthcare support workers, theatre nurses, anaesthetists, surgeons, other ODP’s and patients from all walks of life. The role can have its challenges as you are dealing with patients who can become very stressed and/or emotional when coming to theatre and everyone is different so react differently, ODP’s need to be able to deal with all situations quickly and effectively in a caring and professional manner. In the role ODP’s can face other problems that are caused by language barriers and/or communication problems that they will need to overcome, plus more importantly, emergency situations can happen any time and ODP’s need to react quickly and professionally to ensure the safety of the patient and other’s around. The role can be emotionally and physically challenging but it does have its advantages; the role is very diverse throughout with support in all areas. It can involve a good progression up to team manager or theatre manager level with good rates of pay and professional development. As generally with any hospital role this involves shift patterns that can include early (8am-5/6pm), late (12 noon-9pm) and night shifts (9pm-8am), which are around 37. 5 hours a week. (Day in the life, 2012).

Samuel Johnsons deceptively subtle satire The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia Essays

Samuel Johnsons deceptively subtle satire The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia Essays Samuel Johnsons deceptively subtle satire The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia Paper Samuel Johnsons deceptively subtle satire The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Prince Samuel Johnsons deceptively subtle satire The History of Rasselas Prince of Abissinia depicts Rasselas and his companions in their pursuit of the happiness acquired from the correct choice of life. The narrative consists of an extensive vocabulary, which is conveyed through an elegant style, and is written in the third person, in order to construct the illusion of objectivity and subsequently evoke an intellectual response. One could consider these stylistic devices to produce an instructive and pragmatic moral tale, designed to rectify the belief that ultimate happiness is inherent in life. However, this essay will examine how Johnson challenges our preconceptions of happiness, of the role of the narrator, and of culture and society, through the employment of single faceted characters, frame narrative, and rhetorical language, to imply that the concept of happiness is diverse, that we cannot live by anothers instruction, and that we must dispense time wisely. I also intend to contest Womersleys claim that Johnsons prose avoids dogmatising, and in contrast submit that he relies upon the assertion of one attitude to induce a variety of responses in us, the reader. Johnson contorts our conceptualisation of an external narrative voice from the commencement of the novel. The reader is acquainted with the notion of a narrator that controls the narrative discourse, while existing independently from it, but expects an unbiased account from the narrator, which is not delivered. Ye who listen with credulity to the whispers of fancy, and persue with eagerness the phantoms of hope; who expect that age will perform the promises of youth, and that the deficiencies of the present day will be supplied by the morrow; attend to the history of Rasselas prince of Abissinia. Johnsons rhetorical use of language in this paragraph creates a rhythm, which emphasises nouns such as phantoms, and the onomatopoeic whispers, to convey insubstantiality and diminish the meaning of the word promises. The tone created y the hard consonance of ps and ds is derisory, and leaves the words hope and youth unstressed, which can be interpreted as bitterness, lamentation, or simple wistfulness. The direct address of the pronoun Ye, has an interrogative undertone, and implicates the reader in the criticism, suggesting that as the story is being related for our benefit, attentiveness is necessary. The condemnation of the reader becomes more pronounced through the realisation that we, like Rasselas, are captivated by the inferred insight and the conviction of an oratory that lacks substance. By examining the first paragraph more thoroughly, one acknowledges that as there is no justification to accept the narrators disparagements, and that as each line merely echoes the preceding implication, the inclination to concur depreciates. Therefore, an attentiveness to Johnsons style alters the readers perspective of a narrator, and conveys that it is not mandatory to attribute authority automatically to someone because of a preconception, as we are all limited by our experiences. The consequence of this revelation is that as the wisdom that can be attained is restricted, and as we cannot live passively, we must direct our conduct according our own decisions. It could be argued that this limitation of his wisdom invalidates his moral claims, however Johnsons style implies that their definition must be adjusted from righteous instructions, to considered suggestions that we are at liberty to accept or disregard. Johnsons style, although eloquent, is deceptively simple and generally does not bombard the reader with a succession of stylistic devices, such as simile and metaphor. This style induces an initial sense of objectivity while we formulate opinions on the ventures and conclusions of the characters, and our role as a spectator is enhanced by Johnsons choice to place the tale outside of Europe. One purpose for this decision is that at the time of writing the British Empire was still thriving, and Europe was considered a place of cultural refinement and erudition, so by setting his moral tale in a society that the reader only associates with spaciousness and romance, and deems unsophisticated, we are not threatened or offended at the disclosed observations. However, one criticism is that Johnson displays ignorance to other cultures in expecting the flaws of one society to be present in another, while a modern reader may contest the assumption that they share the views of a reader in Georgian society. Yet the application of simple style alludes to a sense commonality, and suggests that every society, despite the diversity, possesses deficiencies, and that these particular defects have been chosen because he is satirising his and the readers society. Johnson provides comfort in our objectivity and permits us to establish our perceptions before challenges them. His first attack is upon our discernment of Abissinia, by altering the fundamental premises through his description of the happy valley: surrounded on every side by mountains From the mountains on every side, rivulets descended that filled all the valley with verdure and fertility. The style is simple, which means that, although one can obtain many intentions from the content, there is at least one common interpretation for each individual. The impression of spaciousness is diminished as the repetition of every side conjures the image of imprisonment; the connotation is that the valley and its inhabitants like the citizens of the British Isles would perish without the external influences from which it protects itself. Johnson facilitates the transference of criticism to the reader by coaxing us to affiliate ourselves with the main characters, which are assigned the distinction of intellectuals and royalty although it is a notably powerless station, such a prince fourth in line for the throne. Despite this impotence, throughout the work they are often presented by their titles, such as the prince, yet it is also the way many characters are described, for example, the poet, and the hermit, to establish the sense of a manifestation of lifestyles and attitudes rather than actual people. This postulation is accentuated by attentiveness to the speech of the characters as, despite background and rank, each has been prescribed with a similar articulate expression. To him that lives well, answered the hermit, every form of life is good; nor can I give any other rule for choice, than to remove from all apparent evil. Johnson manipulates the syntax of each characters speech, placing the name of the generic group in this instance the hermit within their speech, to construct the impression that although their label and their attitude restricts them, they also constitutes their lives. The exploitation of syntax conveys that immediate awareness of which character is speaking is incons equential, as the value lies in the attitude. The reader is informed that the hermit has existed in solitude for fifteen years, but knows little of his previous station, yet he is assigned proverbial speech, established through simple, monosyllabic words with soft consonants and elongated vowel sounds. Johnsons choice to attribute the characters with similar speech could be interpreted as a limitation on his ability as a writer; however, the moral aspect of the narrative suggests that the intended effect is that all opinions are equal. Yet, there is an apparent contradiction, as the speech reflects the style in all other areas of the narrative, and when a characters behaviour is deemed worthless, their discourse is omitted, for example the men of spirit and gaiety. Rasselas considers himself as a sage man, and when confronted with people who are not like-minded, he dismisses them, in the same way that the narrator excludes their conversation from the narrative. Johnson provides objectivity through his simple style and basic generalisations in order to scrutinise the manner in which we utilise it. He illustrates the difficulty in understanding anything transcending our experience as no amount of research or observation can provide an accurate grasp of anothers lifestyle. For example, the prosperous Rasselas is incapable of entirely appreciating the ordeal of a striving impoverished merchants son. Yet, although we do not share the conditions of another, it is implied that we should respect it, rather than dismiss it or impress opinions upon it, as more than one manner of living exists and we each follow our own. The first impression of the work is that it complies with the style of a traditional eastern tale, through the utilisation of a frame narrative; however, by removing the luxury of an entirely resolved conclusion it parodys tradition, and consequently condemns the tendency of writers to provide a single solution when considering a subject as varied as life. It has been suggested by J. P Hardy that Johnsons conclusion enforces the realisation that no such happiness exists1, which through a succession of miserable depictions of the human condition, is arguably an accurate description. Yet, although Johnson challenges the concept of a conclusion through the apparition of a negligible achievement, it is feasible that by understanding that there is not one perfect way to live, and by adopting veneration for the diversity of conduct, while being at peace with ones own, one attains a happy conclusion. The vital aspect of the narrative is that despite the postulations of critics such as David Womersley, that suggest that Johnsons prose is restless, and is always alert to the vanity of dogmatising, it is inescapable that Johnson has used symbolic characters to represented a single, and unfavourable, facet of the human condition. However, in Womersleys favour, by dogmatically pursuing several desolate resolutions, Johnson excites the intellect of the individual reader, and provides us the freedom to interpret the determine of the seemingly desolate narrative. The messages contained within the narrative are suggestions, and therefore the conclusion must be considered as an option rather than a moral truth, hence reactions will vary from compliance, to possibly constructive rebellion. For example, Rosa Parks, who in 1955 refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man, at a time when black Americans were fighting for civil rights, proving how nonconformity can benefit society, and denying the sentiment that we must be content in our lives and not pursue greater happiness. The technique of frame narrative is combined with subtle repetition, semi-episodic chapters titled to disclose the proceeding information and a unique exploitation of syntax, to manipulate and comment upon the internal and external passage of time. Johnson constructs a conflict between the movement of the narrative and the narrative discourse. One example is when Rasselas is pending the completion of the wings: Thus passed twenty months of the life of Rasselas. The line appears succinct as it is littered with many monosyllabic words, and in comparison to other more elongated sentences attains the illusion of brevity, communicating the rapidity with which time can disappear unheeded. However, the repetition of the prefix of, the extended vowels sounds, and the sibilance, lengthen the line, assisting the notion that a significant measure of time is often spent without achievement. This concept is enhanced when one considers that throughout the narrative the present is filled with reflection upon the past, and lamentation of the misappropriation of time and opportunity. One example of this irony is when Rasselas wastes several hours grieving over lost time: I have lost that which can never be restored: I have seen the sun rise and set for twenty months, an idle gazer on the light of heaven: In this time the birds have left the nest of their mother, and committed themselves to the woods and to the skies: the kid has forsaken the teat and learned by degrees to climb the rocks in quest of independent sustenance. I only have made no advances. The reoccurrence of the pronoun I and the conjunction and, compounded with intentionally clichi d metaphors that reiterate the sentiment that a long time has passed, inspire annoyance towards his pathetic self-involvement, rather than pity. Through this meditation, one becomes aware of the significance imposed on the past and the future, for example when Lady Pekuah is missing, the princess uses her time to remember her, and anticipate the satisfaction of retrieving her. The readers appreciation of the vice of misspent time induces the realisation that we are implicated. To realise wholly this implication, Johnson uses titled semi-episodic chapters give the initial impression that they are designed to eradicate the anticipation to allow the us to reader more conscientiously, for example, Description of a palace in a valley. One interpretation of these titles is that life is a series of definable events, and displays the negligible achievements that we perceive as significant, such as The prince continues to grieve and muse. However, another interpretation is that the present is deemphasised, as the reader is conscious of the subject of the chapter, and explains the human condition as a succession of reflection and expectations. The reader is forced to realise that we reflect the behaviour of the characters, when we read a narrative we are not always concerned with what is occurring, only where it will lead and how it will end. The preceding level of understanding is that we are diverting ourselves from life by attempting to gain wisdom from a work of fiction. Johnsons style requires great attentiveness, but by succeeding in this endeavour, we display aversion to the present, by using time to uncover concepts that would have obtained through living, rather than passively and academically assimilating how to live. In one respect Rasselas is a narrative concerning the right of passage of a nai ve prince, in another it is a realistic morality tale, providing a conclusion to portray the inevitable disappoint of idealistic dreams. However, through attentiveness to Johnsons style the central message is not to live passively and to respect the gift of time by employing it efficiently. These suggestions are implied subtly, as he initial gives us objectivity through third person narration, frame narrative, single facetted characters, setting, and to an extent, through his simple, eloquent language. Yet, closer inspection reveals that the narrator is unreliable, through the dogmatic attitude conveyed through rhetorical language, and therefore the sentiment conveyed is one interpretation of the diverse nature of life and happiness, that cannot be dictated to us by others, and that we are not entitled to judge. The imparted advice that we must respect the gift of time is accomplished by leading us to acknowledge this folly in the characters, then as the achievement is only recognisable through attention to his style illuminates the irony that although we condemn their folly, we are guilty of wasting time, and displaying credulity towards the mere implication of insight. These conclusions insinuate his work to be a reflection of life rather than a method of guidance. Johnson expects each reader to bring individual experience, attitudes, and preconceptions to the reading of his work, and allows the interpretations to vary and to influence accordingly. Therefore, although it is established that each aspect of his style implies a message, and attentiveness towards it and provides greater understanding of the meaning, it is not possible to determine what this meaning is as the essence of the implications is that every individual lives his life in the same manner in which he interprets a novel: differently.

Environmental issues for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental issues for business - Essay Example These impacts may interfere with the requirements that govern business activities and the response of the organizations to them is considered to be very important. This thus shows that there is a vital relationship between the activities of a business and the environmental impact. International businesses make the issue even worse as these requirements vary from one country to another. This should be considered critically when making plans for the running of the business. Pollution is one factor that affects the relationship between a business and the environment. The way the business disposes its waste products may bring about social costs as it may be forced to invent better ways that may turn out to increase operational costs. It is known to be against some government policies in some countries and good citizenship in others to dispose hazardous waste products in the water systems or even in the air especially for developing countries. This may go as far as restricting the running of some industries if not well taken care of. Solutions therefore for such problems should be considered right from the start of the business. Plans may vary and the cost may depend on the choice of plans. It may require new facilities to take care of the waste and may be an increment in working hours. However, business activities may be boosted if the waste product can be sold to other industries that use them as raw materials. Another favorable solution is the recycling of the waste products. This however may increase cost as the recycling equipment may be required. It may also not favor all organizations as some of their waste products may not be in a position to be recycled. Some wastes cannot be reused. It is the responsibility of the business organizations therefore to take note of them all and evaluate the possible solution for their case. This makes the environmental issues more important as far as planning for business

The Miscarriage of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Miscarriage of Justice - Essay Example A miscarriage of justice may condemn an innocent person to punishment for a crime he/she may not have committed. While there may be a miscarriage of justice in other areas as well, it always has the most serious consequences of criminal convictions since the punishment may involve long terms or imprisonment or even execution. Wrongful convictions are difficult to overturn and although there are provisions for appeal under the law, an innocent person may suffer needless imprisonment, incarceration or even death, when a miscarriage of justice occurs. In many instances, such wrongful convictions may also be the result of unfair trials, the manipulation or fabrication of evidence or the framing of an innocent party through false testimonies and misdirection of judicial authorities. An innocent person wrongly convicted of a crime he/she did not commit, may face the consequences even after a wrongful conviction has been overturned because it is impossible to reverse the effects of punishme nt already suffered or the torment and hardship that may have been endured by the innocent person and his/her family. The most heart-rending aspect of a miscarriage of justice occurs when an innocent person is wrongfully convicted and put to death. The case of Judith Theresa3 is one of the best examples of the miscarriage of justice in terms of legal impropriety in the disclosure of material evidence and the role of experts and forensic scientists in providing evidence. In this case, a woman was convicted of being a terrorist on the grounds that nitroglycerine was discovered on her property. Defendant was convicted and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment, of which 17 had already been served when the Appeal was filed on the grounds of failure of timely disclosure. The problem, in this case, was the withholding of information by the forensic scientists who were working for the Government and believing that it was their duty to aid the police, they withheld information which they believed might prove damaging to the Prosecution’s case.